Periodontology
Periodontology (Periodontal Diseases and Treatment)
Periodontology is the field of dentistry that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues surrounding teeth and implants. Healthy gum tissue should appear pink, firm, and tightly encircle the teeth, without bleeding during brushing or eating. Gum examinations are typically conducted during dental check-ups every six months.
The initial stage of gum infections is called gingivitis, which can lead to symptoms such as bleeding, swelling, pain, itching of the gums, and bad breath. Gingivitis can often be reversed with dental cleaning and good oral hygiene practices.
If left untreated, gingivitis can progress into periodontitis, a more severe condition that not only affects the gums but also the supporting bone around the teeth, leading to bone loss.
What Are the Causes of Periodontal Disease?
- Genetic factors
- Smoking
- Inadequate oral hygiene
- Hormonal changes
- The use of certain medications
- Some systemic conditions that are not under control
- Restorations that do not fit well with the surrounding tissues
Periodontal Treatments
Periodontal treatments are procedures aimed at addressing inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues surrounding teeth and implants. Here are some common periodontal treatments:
- Dental Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing): Dental cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, involves the removal of dental plaque and calculus from the tooth surfaces and below the gumline. This procedure helps eliminate the source of inflammation and infection, promoting gum health. It is often performed as part of routine dental check-ups.
- Flap Surgery: In advanced cases of periodontal disease, flap surgery may be necessary. This surgical procedure involves lifting the gum tissue to access the roots of the teeth and thoroughly clean the area. It may also include bone grafts or other regenerative techniques to restore lost bone tissue. After the procedure, the gums are sutured back into place.
- Gum Graft Surgery: Gum graft surgery, also known as soft tissue grafts, is performed to address gum recession. In this procedure, a small piece of tissue is taken from another part of the mouth (often the palate) or from a donor source and attached to the areas of gum recession. This helps cover exposed tooth roots, reduce sensitivity, and improve the appearance of the gums.
- Gingivectomy and Gingivoplasty: Gingivectomy is a surgical procedure to remove excess gum tissue, often performed to address a "gummy smile" or excessive gum display when smiling. Gingivoplasty, on the other hand, reshapes the gum tissue to achieve a more desirable gum line contour. These procedures can be performed using traditional methods or lasers/electrosurgery.
- Pocket Reduction Surgery: Pocket reduction surgery aims to reduce the depth of periodontal pockets (spaces between the gums and teeth) that harbor harmful bacteria. The procedure involves lifting the gum tissue, thoroughly cleaning the tooth roots, and then repositioning the gums to reduce pocket depth.
- Laser Therapy: Laser therapy is a minimally invasive approach used in periodontal treatments. It can be employed for various procedures, including gum contouring, pocket reduction, and disinfection of periodontal pockets. Laser therapy is often associated with reduced discomfort and faster healing.
- Maintenance: After periodontal treatment, maintaining good oral hygiene practices and attending regular follow-up appointments with a dentist or periodontist is essential. Periodontal disease can recur, so ongoing maintenance is crucial for long-term gum health.
The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the periodontal disease and individual patient needs. It's important to consult with a periodontist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan tailored to your specific condition. Good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups are key to preventing and managing periodontal diseases.
Note: Periodontal diseases can have serious consequences for oral health and overall health if left untreated. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene
practices are crucial for prevention and early detection.
